Published Research
Science takes the guess work out to conditioning athletes, and allows us to create much more precise and educated program design. All of P3 research is application-based and is designed to give our athletes unique advantages, as well as educate other conditioning coaches. We are responsible for the only large-scale, first class research in any of the professional sports, and have performed a number of NFL-sponsored investigations leading to recommendations on injury prevention and performance in NFL players.
We are recently published our 10-year study on hamstring injuries in the NFL in the American Journal of Sports Medicine and are currently publishing results of our program with the New England Patriots that enhanced performance and reduced muscle injuries (from 23 to 2 hamstrings per year).
Recent Research
New England Patriots Program of Injury Prevention and Performance Hamstring Injuries In Professional Football Players- A 10 year study
Risk of Muscle Injuries In NFL Players After Return to Play
Substrate Utilization in Prolonged Endurance Exercise Nervous System Training for Speed Athletes (ongoing)
Published Research
Elliott M.C., Zarins B., Powell J.: Hamstring muscle strains in NFL Players- 10 yr epidemiological study. NFL Physicians Society Annual Meeting, Sports Science Symposium: 2-5, 2002
Ceriale S., Durak E.P, Wenz S., Elliott M.C. Glycemic Response: Comparison of different nutritional bars and drinks. Med Sci 32:S225, 2000
Rauch L., Elliott M.C., Hawley J., Noakes T., Dennis S: Effects of ingesting a sports bar versus glucose polymer on substrate utilization and ultra-endurance performance. Int J Sports Med 20 (4):252-257, 1999
Durak E., Ceriale S., Wenz S., Elliott M.C.: Glucose Response Studies: Comparison between 40-30-30 products versus nutrition industry competitors. J of Performance Enhancement Vol 2 (3), 2001
Palmer G., Elliott M.C., Hawley J.: Variable work load testing versus VO2 max: a new paradigm, Pflugers Archives (in press)
Zuko T., Hawley J., Elliott M.C., Dennis S., Noakes T.: Stochastic model for predicting road cycling performance (submitted)
Michaelis M., Hawley J., Elliott M.C., Dennis S., Noakes T.: The effects of albuterol on performance indices in elite cyclists (submitted)
Substrate utilization in endurance sports and primary hormonal correlates. Honors Thesis, Harvard Medical School
Elliott M, Wagner P. Power Athletes and Distance Running: Physiologic and Biomechanical Rationale for Change. Sports Med. 2006 May (accepted for publication)
Powers CM. The influence of abnormal hip mechanics on knee injury: A biomechanical perspective. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 40:42-51, 2010.
Powers CM , Chen YJ, Scher I, Lee TQ. Multi-plane loading of the extensor mechanism alters the patellar ligament force/quadriceps force ratio. J Biomed Eng. 132:024503, 2010.
Fithian DC, Powers CM, Khan N. Rehabilitation of the knee following medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. Clin Sports Med. 29:283-290, 2010.
Pollard CD, Sigward SM, Powers CM. Limited hip and knee flexion during landing is associated with increased frontal plane knee motion and moments. Clin Biomech. 25:142-146, 2010.
Wagner T, Behnia N, Ancheta WL, Shen R, Farrokhi S, Powers CM. Strengthening and neuromuscular re-education of the gluteus maximus in a triathlete with exercise-association cramping of the hamstrings: A case report. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 40:112-119, 2010.
Tsai LC, Sigward SM, Pollard CD, Fletcher MJ, Powers CM. The effects of fatigue and recovery on knee kinetics and kinematics during side-step cutting. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 41:1952-1957, 2009.
Pollard CD, Sigward SS, Pelley K, Ota S, Powers CM. The influence of an in-season injury prevention program on lower extremity kinematics during landing in young female soccer players. Clin J Sports Med. 16:223-227, 2006.
Sigward SM, Powers CM. The influence of experience on knee joint kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation patterns during side-step cutting in young females. Clin Biomech. 21:740-747, 2006.
Sigward S, Powers CM. The influence of gender on knee joint kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation patterns during side-step cutting. Clin Biomech. 21:41-48, 2006.
Research in Progress
The interference of aerobic training on power development in sports. Co-Author: Phil Wagner, M.D., USC Medical School/ UCLA Conditioning.
Epidemiology of hamstring injuries in professional football (NFL): a 10-year perspective. Co-Author: Bertram Zarins, M.D., Chief of Sports Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital.
Risk of muscle injury following non-muscle injuries in Professional Football Players. Co-Author: Bertram Zarins, M.D., Chief of Sports Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital.
Reducing hamstring injuries in NFL players: a prospective study. Co-authors: Bertram Zarins, M.D., MGH; John Powell, Ph.D., Sports Surveillance Systems; Ron O’Neal, Head AT, New England Patriots.